Reference for selection of suspension structure for dump trucks during overseas short distance transportation of waste soil

There is a significant difference between the operating conditions of overseas short distance slag transportation and long-distance trunk lines. Vehicles frequently travel to and from construction sites, with alternating empty and heavy vehicles, and bumpy and muddy roads. During unloading, the vehicle is subjected to concentrated forces, and the durability and maintenance convenience of the suspension directly determine the attendance rate of the fleet. When purchasing dump trucks, it is not possible to directly use road vehicle configurations, and the suspension structure needs to be selected based on local maintenance conditions. Multi leaf steel plate spring suspension is the most reliable mainstream choice in short distance soil excavation scenarios. The overall structure is simple, without precision components such as airbags, air circuits, and air compressors. It is not easy to quickly fail under the impact of gravel slurry, with sufficient load-bearing capacity. When lifting and unloading, the vehicle support is stable, and the risk of rollover is lower. Many construction sites with weak maintenance support overseas prioritize this type of suspension. When purchasing, pay attention to the thickness of the plate spring, the specification of the U-bolt, and the material of the balance arm bushing. The combination of thickened main and auxiliary springs is preferred, and the heavy load settlement can be controlled. Even if a single plate spring cracks, it can still maintain operation in a short time. The accessories are universal and the maintenance threshold is low. Local ordinary repairmen can quickly replace them. Rubber suspension is a compromise solution, with a lighter weight than multiple steel plates, better shock absorption effect, and smaller no-load bumps. It is suitable for short distance fleets that handle small amounts of soil and road surface transportation. Rubber elastic blocks replace some steel plates to reduce the probability of plate spring fracture. However, rubber parts are exposed to soil, oil, and sun aging faster in the long term. Spare parts stocking should keep up and be suitable for areas with stable supply of parts. It is not recommended to prioritize remote construction sites. Air suspension is not suitable for conventional short distance soil working conditions. The airbags, air pipes, and sensors are easily scratched by gravel and blocked by mud, making it difficult to maintain on construction sites. Once there is a leak, they can be directly grounded. Only projects with good local road conditions and special requirements for vehicle height adjustment can be considered, and regular recommendations are not made. In addition to the suspension type itself, the supporting details cannot be ignored. The shock absorbers should be selected for engineering heavy-duty use, not for highway use. The lateral stabilizer bar and thrust rod supports should be thickened and reinforced. The chassis anti-corrosion process should be in place to avoid rapid corrosion and jamming of the supports and pin shafts under mud and water erosion. When recommending to overseas customers, priority should be given to grading according to the road conditions of the construction site. For unpaved dirt roads and remote construction sites, multiple steel plate suspensions should be directly recommended. When the proportion of paved roads is high and stable spare parts channels are available, rubber suspensions should be considered. At the same time, maintenance priorities should be explained to customers in advance. Steel plate suspensions should be regularly tightened with U-bolts and checked for leaf spring cracks, while rubber suspensions should be regularly cleaned of elastic block gaps to reduce foreign object jamming. Suspension solutions that are suitable for working conditions should be used to reduce the loss of the fleet due to later failures and improve the customer's driving experience.